{"id":85901,"date":"2026-03-13T16:28:27","date_gmt":"2026-03-13T16:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/green-athens.gr\/?p=85901"},"modified":"2026-03-22T09:21:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T09:21:39","slug":"cercis-siliquastrum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/green-athens.gr\/en\/cercis-siliquastrum\/","title":{"rendered":"Judas tree"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; back_image=&#8221;86239&#8243; kburns=&#8221;yes&#8221; overlay_color=&#8221;color-742106&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;80&#8243; overlay_color_blend=&#8221;multiply&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; top_divider=&#8221;fan-opacity&#8221; bottom_divider=&#8221;gradient&#8221; changer_back_color=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;146210&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221; row_name=&#8221;title&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;80&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;left&#8221; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; font_family=&#8221;font-156269&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; align_medium=&#8221;align_left_tablet&#8221; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; align_mobile=&#8221;align_left_mobile&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_height=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;183356&#8243;][vc_message css_animation=&#8221;zoom-in&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;893745&#8243; message_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; message_color_solid=&#8221;rgba(91,210,234,0.68)&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>Judas tree<\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_message][uncode_list larger=&#8221;small&#8221; icon=&#8221;fa fa-tree&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;top-t-bottom&#8221; animation_delay=&#8221;800&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;282551&#8243; icon_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Scientific name: <strong><em> Cercis siliquastrum<\/em> L.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Common name: <strong>Judas tree, love tree, Mediterranean redbud<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Order: <strong>Fabales<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Family: <strong>Fabaceae<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Genus: <em><strong>Cercis<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>Endemic: <strong>Non endemic<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Origin: <strong>Native species of the Mediterranean countries and Western Asia. Its natural presence is located from France to Afghanistan<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Global distribution: <strong>This species has been introduced to countries other than its native range, including Algeria, Austria, Germany, Great Britain, India, Crimea, Madeira, Morocco, the North Caucasus, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, South Australia, Spain, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Distribution in Greece: <strong>Northeast Greece, North Central Greece, Northern Pindos, Southern Pindos, East Central Greece, Sterea Ellada, Peloponnese, Ionian Islands, East Aegean, North Aegean, West Aegean, Parnitha<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Altitudinal range: <strong>100-1,000m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/uncode_list][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;100&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; style=&#8221;inherited&#8221; row_name=&#8221;infos&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;143868&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;4&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; css_animation=&#8221;zoom-in&#8221; zoom_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_height=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;965594&#8243;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243;][vc_accordion no_toggle=&#8221;yes&#8221; typography=&#8221;advanced&#8221; sign=&#8221;plus&#8221; sign_size=&#8221;sm&#8221; label_border=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_border=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_simple=&#8221;0&#8243; titles_font=&#8221;font-804447&#8243; titles_size=&#8221;fontsize-922434&#8243; titles_weight=&#8221;700&#8243; titles_height=&#8221;fontheight-161249&#8243; active_tab=&#8221;0&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;924928&#8243;][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; title=&#8221;Ecosystem&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1771584718601-2-81771656793597&#8243; slug=&#8221;ecosystem&#8221;][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;176275&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Classified as a \u201cPhanerophyte (P)\u201d. Its habitat is \u201cForests and shrublands (W)\u201d. It can also be observed in areas with maquis vegetation.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243;][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; title=&#8221;Botanical description&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1771591735451-3-81771656793597&#8243; slug=&#8221;description&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;146566&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(height, leaf arrangement, leaf shape, root system)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deciduous shrub or small tree that can reach a height of up to 10 m. The trunk has a dark grey hue and shallow grooves. The leaves are simple, petiolate, and arranged alternately. They are heart-shaped, glabrous, 6-10 cm long and up to 12 cm wide. The species has a deep root system that makes it drought resistant, as the roots can draw water from the lower soil layers; They are also particularly thick, providing stability to the trees and allowing them to grow even on rocky substrates.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243;][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; title=&#8221;Reproduction&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1771591801014-4-11771656793597&#8243; slug=&#8221;reproduction&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;182834&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(flowering period, flowers, seeds)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Judas tree is a monoecious species with flowers containing both male and female reproductive organs. These pink-violet flowers are 1-2 centimetres long and typically grow on the trunk and branches in dense racemose inflorescences. The flowering period lasts from March to April.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The fruits of the species are pods, initially green, that upon maturation become dark brown. They remain on the tree for quite a long time, as the seeds they contain ripen early in the autumn.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243;][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; title=&#8221;Noteworthy characteristics&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1771591901860-5-01771656793597&#8243; slug=&#8221;characteristics&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;140981&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trees of this species stand out due to their vivid flowers, which usually appear before the leaves and cover almost the entire plant.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243;][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; title=&#8221;Historical information&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1669205767-1-841771656793597&#8243; slug=&#8221;history&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;151656&#8243;][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;147956&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Judas tree is a plant that has existed since antiquity in Mediterranean states, although it was first officially recorded by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in his work \u201cSpecies Plantarum\u201d. Fossils from the Late Eocene to the Miocene in North America and Asia indicate that the genus was widely distributed, with small leaves suggesting adaptation to semi-arid regions and Mediterranean-type environments. Today, however, the plant prefers warm and subtropical temperate climates, grows in well-drained soils, and is often found in sunny or partially shaded locations. Its scientific name, Cercis siliquastrum, comes from the Greek word \u201c \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03c2 &#8211; kerkis\u201d, which describes the shape of the lobed fruit and resembles a loom accessory (shuttle), which, in fact, was often made from Judas tree wood. The specific epithet \u201csiliqua,\u201d which means pod, also describes, in Latin this time, the lobed fruits of the species. The lobed fruit was first described by Theophrastus, who also mentioned the usefulness of Judas tree wood for creating walking sticks. In antiquity and the Middle Ages, the vivid pink-purple color of the flowers and the heart-shaped form of the leaves were associated with love and romance. The popular name \u201cJudas Tree\u201d is related to the legend that Judas Iscariot hanged himself from a Judas tree (\u201cand he went and hanged himself\u201d) after betraying Christ, and that its flowers, which used to be white, turned pink from shame. The belief that Judas hanged himself from the tree Cercis siliquastrum, causing its flowers to turn red from shame, likely stems from a translation error. Cercis trees, which are common in the Middle East, were referred to in French as \u00abarbre de Jud\u00e9e\u00bb, meaning \u201ctree of Judea\u201d. Over time, this may have been distorted into \u201cJudas tree\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243;][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; title=&#8221;Uses&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1669206843531-5-01771656793597&#8243; slug=&#8221;uses&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;274310&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trees of this species are frequently planted as ornamentals in gardens, parks, and along sidewalks. Its multiple methods of propagation\u2014primarily through seeds with appropriate treatment, as well as the possibility of propagation via grafting\u2014allow for widespread use in nurseries and ornamental plantings. Beyond its aesthetic value in parks, gardens, and streets, the bark and leaves of the tree have been studied for their ability to accumulate heavy metals such as Cr, Ni, and Fe, making it potentially useful as a bioindicator of pollution in urban environments. This property enables the assessment of contamination from both atmospheric and soil sources.<\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>(Note: Ethnobotanical data regarding the medicinal uses of plants must be handled with caution, and their application should be carried out exclusively under medical supervision)<\/strong><\/span><\/em>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243;][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; title=&#8221;References&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1771600746693-6-41771656793597&#8243; slug=&#8221;references&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;367092&#8243; el_class=&#8221;micro-text&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:485691-1\">https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldfloraonline.org\/taxon\/wfo-0000213642\">https:\/\/www.worldfloraonline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dimopoulos P., Raus Th., Bergmeier E., Constantinidis Th., Iatrou G., Kokkini S., Strid A. &amp; Tzanoudakis D. 2013: Vascular plants of Greece: An annotated checklist. \u2013 Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem; Athens: Hellenic Botanical Society. \u2013 Englera 31. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3372\/en.31\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3372\/en.31<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Duhamel du Monceau, M. (1801). \u201c<em>Trait\u00e9 des arbres et arbustes qui se cultivent en France en pleine terre<\/em>\u201d. Paris: Chez Didot ain\u00e9, Michel, et Lamy.<\/li>\n<li>Geneve, R.\u202fL. (1991). Eastern redbud (<em>Cercis canadensis<\/em> L.) and Judas tree (<em>Cercis siliquastrum<\/em> L.). In Y.\u202fP.\u202fS.\u202fBajaj (Ed.), <em>Trees III<\/em> (Vol.\u202f16, pp.\u202f142\u2013151). Springer. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/9783662132319_8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978\u20113\u2011662\u201113231\u20119_8<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Jia, H., &amp; Manchester, S. R. (2014). <em>Fossil leaves and fruits of Cercis L. (Leguminosae) from the Eocene of western North America<\/em>. <em>International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175<\/em>(5), 601\u2013612. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/675693\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/675693<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Matthew, 27:5<\/li>\n<li>Sibthorp, J., &amp; Smith, J. E. (1806\u20131840). <em>Flora Graeca<\/em> (Vols. 1\u201310). London: Taylor.<\/li>\n<li>Theophrastus, \u201c<em>Enquiry into Plants<\/em>\u201d, 1.11.2, 5.7.6<br \/>\nYa\u015far, \u00dc., \u00d6zyi\u011fit, \u0130. \u0130., &amp; Serin, M. (2010). <em>Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum L. subsp. siliquastrum) as a possible biomonitor for Cr, Fe and Ni in Istanbul (Turkey)<\/em>. <em>Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 15<\/em>(1), 4979\u20134989. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jse.12640\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jse.12640<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;2&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=&#8221;yes&#8221; row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;100&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; style=&#8221;inherited&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;877269&#8243; back_color_type=&#8221;uncode-solid&#8221; back_color_solid=&#8221;#ffeece&#8221; row_name=&#8221;epoxes&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;4&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_height=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;332089&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; text_font=&#8221;font-804447&#8243; text_size=&#8221;fontsize-922434&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-781688&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;162076&#8243; text_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;]During each season you will see:[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_gallery el_id=&#8221;gallery-2&#8243; type=&#8221;css_grid&#8221; medias=&#8221;86243,86245,86247,86249&#8243; explode_albums=&#8221;yes&#8221; screen_lg_items=&#8221;3&#8243; screen_lg_breakpoint=&#8221;1000&#8243; screen_md_items=&#8221;2&#8243; screen_md_breakpoint=&#8221;600&#8243; screen_sm_items=&#8221;2&#8243; screen_sm_breakpoint=&#8221;480&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; css_grid_v_align=&#8221;bottom&#8221; css_grid_equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; media_items=&#8221;media|lightbox|original,title,caption&#8221; css_grid_images_size=&#8221;nine-sixteen&#8221; single_back_color=&#8221;color-rgdb&#8221; single_overlay_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; single_overlay_coloration=&#8221;bottom_gradient&#8221; single_overlay_blend=&#8221;multiply&#8221; single_overlay_opacity=&#8221;70&#8243; single_overlay_visible=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_overlay_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_text_visible=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_text_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_image_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_h_align=&#8221;center&#8221; single_v_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; single_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; single_title_dimension=&#8221;h4&#8243; single_border=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_css_animation=&#8221;alpha-anim&#8221; lbox_title=&#8221;yes&#8221; lbox_caption=&#8221;yes&#8221; no_double_tap=&#8221;yes&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;616651&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; back_image=&#8221;86239&#8243; overlay_color=&#8221;color-125592&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;70&#8243; overlay_color_blend=&#8221;multiply&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; style=&#8221;inherited&#8221; row_name=&#8221;texni&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;264204&#8243; overlay_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_vertical=&#8221;middle&#8221; align_horizontal=&#8221;align_center&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; style=&#8221;dark&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;100&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;4&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_width=&#8221;0&#8243; zoom_height=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;129785&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_color=&#8221;color-xsdn&#8221; text_font=&#8221;font-804447&#8243; text_size=&#8221;fontsize-922434&#8243; text_space=&#8221;fontspace-781688&#8243; sub_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;172472&#8243; text_color_type=&#8221;uncode-palette&#8221;]References in \u0391rt[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text text_lead=&#8221;small&#8221; uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;102741&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The species has been depicted by the botanist and painter Pierre-Joseph Redout\u00e9, one of the most respected botanical illustrators in history.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_gallery el_id=&#8221;gallery-1&#8243; type=&#8221;carousel&#8221; medias=&#8221;86251,86253&#8243; carousel_lg=&#8221;3&#8243; carousel_md=&#8221;3&#8243; carousel_sm=&#8221;1&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;0&#8243; media_items=&#8221;media|lightbox|original,caption&#8221; carousel_v_align=&#8221;middle&#8221; carousel_interval=&#8221;3000&#8243; carousel_navspeed=&#8221;400&#8243; carousel_nav=&#8221;yes&#8221; carousel_nav_mobile=&#8221;yes&#8221; carousel_nav_skin=&#8221;dark&#8221; stage_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; single_back_color=&#8221;color-rgdb&#8221; single_overlay_color=&#8221;color-jevc&#8221; single_overlay_coloration=&#8221;bottom_gradient&#8221; single_overlay_blend=&#8221;multiply&#8221; single_overlay_opacity=&#8221;70&#8243; single_overlay_visible=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_text_visible=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_image_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; 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